TP-19

Red Hole Bursts: Solving the Energy Crisis Deep Inside the Potential Well.

James Graber

Red Hole Bursts: The Alternate Gravity Solution to the Energy Crisis

Even assuming substantial beaming, current evidence indicates gamma ray bursts emit over 5 $\times$ 10⁵¹ ergs in gamma rays alone. If reasonable allowances are made for the efficiencies of converting initial fireball energies to final gamma rays via internal or external shocks, the total amount of inferred energy initially released by the central engine again rises to well over 10⁵² ergs, probably over 10⁵³ ergs, or a substantial fraction of the total rest mass energy of a solar mass. This means the energy must somehow escape from deep within the potential well of the gravitationally collapsing configuration which presumably powers the gamma ray burst. Somehow, massive amounts of energy must escape from the plunging region inside the minimal stable orbit. Black holes tend to swallow all the energy, matter and radiation which enters this plunge zone, and what they don't capture, they emit as gravitational radiation, which is not easy to convert to gamma rays. String theory eliminates the singularity from black holes, and may even cast doubt on the existence of horizons. Critical collapse calculations by Choptuik and others also cast doubt on the necessary existence of event horizons. A red hole is a gravitationally collapsed object without a singularity or an event horizon. It acts like a symmetric combination of a black hole and a white hole. Energy, matter and radiation can all be trapped inside a red hole, but they can also escape. It is much easier to convert gravitationally collapsing rest mass energy to photons and allow them to escape in a red hole configuration than in the corresponding black hole configuration. Red holes can naturally solve the energy crisis and power highly energetic gamma ray bursts.